Vaginal Flora: Normal and Pathological

Hello! Every woman, during an annual gynecological exam, typically provides two smears: for flora and cytology. While the cytology results are usually straightforward, there are many questions regarding the smear for flora.

What is Vaginal Flora?

Our vagina is not a sterile organ — it hosts trillions of microorganisms. Not all of them are harmful: some microorganisms serve a protective function and help maintain a healthy flora. However, there are those that can lead to diseases.

Normal and Conditionally-Pathogenic Flora

The vaginal flora is divided into three categories: normal, conditionally-pathogenic, and pathogenic. Whether a microorganism belongs to a particular group will determine whether it needs treatment.

• Normal flora consists of microorganisms that protect the body from pathogenic infections.
• Conditionally-pathogenic microorganisms may be harmless under certain conditions but can cause illness when the balance is disrupted.
• Pathogenic microorganisms are those that always cause inflammation and disease.

What Affects Vaginal Flora?

The vaginal flora can change due to various factors, including hormonal changes, immune system status, age, and the menstrual cycle.

Discharge as an Indicator of Health

Vaginal discharge is a natural process that helps maintain normal flora. However, it is important to understand which discharges are normal and which may be a sign of pathology.

• Clear and mucous discharge in the middle of the cycle indicates normal flora function.
• Yellow or brown discharge may indicate infection or inflammation.
• Unusual odor or changes in the consistency of discharge can also be a symptom of disrupted flora.

How to Maintain Flora Balance?

To maintain a healthy flora, it is important to practice hygiene, avoid stress, monitor your diet, and regularly visit a gynecologist.

When to Treat Vaginal Flora?

If a smear shows deviations from the norm, it is important to consider not only the test results but also any symptoms. If a woman does not experience discomfort, treatment may not be necessary. However, if there are signs of inflammation (such as burning, itching, or unpleasant odor), it is important to see a doctor for treatment options.

It is also important to remember that some conditionally-pathogenic microorganisms can be present in low concentrations, and in such cases, treatment may not be required.

Conclusion

Maintaining normal vaginal flora is an essential aspect of women's health. Regular checkups and paying attention to your condition can help prevent many diseases and maintain the balance of your flora.