Thrush: Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis, and Treatment

Thrush (vulvovaginal candidiasis) is one of the most common diseases among women. Statistics show that about 75% of women experience thrush at least once in their lives, and 40-45% of them experience recurrences. It is important to understand that not all white discharge is a sign of thrush.

Causes of Thrush

The main cause of thrush is the fungus of the Candida albicans genus, although in recent years, other types of fungi such as Candida non-albicans have been identified, which can cause more persistent forms of the disease.

• Antibiotic use — antibiotics kill both beneficial and harmful bacteria but do not affect fungi, which promotes their multiplication.
• Hormonal changes — pregnancy, the use of combined oral contraceptives, or hormone therapy can increase estrogen levels, which promotes thrush development.
• Diabetes — high blood sugar can create favorable conditions for fungi to multiply.
• Immunosuppression — a weakened immune system due to diseases or medications also increases the risk of thrush.
• Poor hygiene — using aggressive soaps and gels for intimate hygiene can disrupt the vaginal flora.
• Stress and overwork — can lead to weakened immunity and changes in the vaginal flora.

Symptoms of Thrush

The main symptoms of thrush include:

• White, curd-like discharge with a sour smell.
• Itching and burning in the external genital area.
• Swelling and redness of the vaginal and vulvar mucosa.
• Pain or discomfort when urinating or during sexual intercourse.

Diagnosis of Thrush

For diagnosing thrush, laboratory tests are necessary, including a smear for flora, and in the case of recurrences, a fungal culture to determine the sensitivity of the fungi to medications.

Treatment of Thrush

The treatment of thrush should aim to eliminate the symptoms and fight the infection. Depending on the severity of the disease, local medications (suppositories, creams) or systemic antifungal agents may be used. It is important to choose the right treatment that will be effective against the identified type of fungus.

Do not engage in self-treatment, as improper treatment can lead to a chronic course of the disease and fungal resistance to medications.

Recommendations for treating thrush:

• Consult a doctor for an accurate diagnosis.
• Complete the full course of antifungal treatment.
• Follow hygiene and dietary recommendations.

Do not delay visiting a specialist if you have symptoms of thrush. The sooner you start treatment, the faster and more effective it will be.