Rh Conflict During Pregnancy: How to Avoid It and What You Need to Know

Rh conflict is a potentially dangerous situation that can occur during pregnancy if the mother and baby have different Rh factors. However, this does not affect the ability to conceive. In this article, we will explain what Rh conflict is, how it arises, its dangers, and how to prevent it.

What is the Rh Factor?

The Rh factor is a protein found on the surface of red blood cells. If it is present, the Rh factor is considered positive. If it is absent, the Rh factor is negative. This is an individual characteristic, and approximately 25% of people have a negative Rh factor.

For example, I belong to the group with a negative Rh factor, while my husband has a positive Rh factor. Fortunately, our child inherited the negative Rh factor, and we were able to avoid Rh conflict. However, I still underwent prevention by receiving immunoglobulin at 28 and 32 weeks of pregnancy.

When Can Rh Conflict Occur?

Rh conflict can occur if the mother has Rh-negative blood and the father has Rh-positive blood. In this case, if the first child inherits the Rh-positive factor, the mixing of the mother's and baby's blood during delivery can trigger the production of antibodies in the mother's body.

In the next pregnancy, if the fetus again has the Rh-positive factor, the mother's antibodies may attack the fetus's red blood cells, leading to hemolytic disease.

How to Prevent Rh Conflict?

Prevention of Rh conflict involves the administration of anti-Rh immunoglobulin, which prevents the production of antibodies. It is administered at 28-32 weeks of pregnancy and within 72 hours after delivery if the baby has Rh-positive blood.

• Immunoglobulin in the first pregnancy: Used to prevent the production of antibodies if the baby inherits the Rh-positive factor.
• Immunoglobulin after delivery: If the baby is Rh-positive, it is administered within 72 hours after delivery.

Indications for Immunoglobulin Administration

In addition to standard indications, there are several situations where immunoglobulin administration is necessary:

• Amniocentesis: Immunoglobulin is administered after amniocentesis in cases of Rh-negative blood group.
• Pregnancy termination: Immunoglobulin is required after pregnancy termination at more than 6 weeks of gestation.
• Extrauterine pregnancy: Indications for immunoglobulin administration in cases of ectopic pregnancy.

Conclusion

Rh conflict is a serious condition that can be effectively prevented. It is important to have your Rh factor tested during pregnancy and follow your doctor's recommendations for preventing potential complications. If your Rh factor is negative, be sure to follow the guidelines for immunoglobulin administration to avoid risks to your child's health.

Remember, prevention is always better than treatment, and proper actions can significantly reduce the risk of hemolytic disease in the fetus.