Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: Main Symptoms, Diagnosis, and Treatment

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a combination of endocrine and metabolic disorders that can significantly affect a woman's health. It manifests not only as menstrual cycle irregularities but also as other symptoms such as obesity, hirsutism (excessive hair growth), and even infertility.

What Symptoms Indicate PCOS?

• Irregular periods or complete absence of menstruation.
• Excess body weight or obesity.
• Hirsutism — excessive hair growth on the body and face.
• Oily skin and tendency to acne.
• Infertility — one of the main reasons women seek medical help.

Diagnosing Polycystic Ovary Syndrome

The diagnosis of PCOS is made based on several factors, including ultrasound, where a multi-follicular structure of the ovaries (more than 12 follicles) may be detected. However, additional symptoms such as an irregular menstrual cycle, high testosterone levels, or hirsutism are necessary to confirm the diagnosis.

How to Treat Polycystic Ovary Syndrome?

• Lifestyle normalization — proper nutrition and regular physical activity can help lower insulin levels, reduce weight, and normalize the menstrual cycle.
• Weight loss — even a small reduction in weight by 5% can increase the chances of ovulation and improve fertility chances.
• Medication — in some cases, if lifestyle changes do not lead to the desired results, a doctor may prescribe insulin-lowering medications to normalize insulin levels.
• Hormonal contraception — helps regulate periods but does not treat PCOS; it creates the appearance of regular cycles.
• Ovulation stimulation — if ovulation does not occur naturally with PCOS, a doctor may prescribe medications to stimulate ovulation, aiding conception.

Preparing for Pregnancy with PCOS

If ovulation does not occur after weight normalization and insulin resistance treatment, a doctor may recommend ovulation stimulation. In some cases, if these methods do not work, in vitro fertilization (IVF) may be suggested.

Conclusion

It is important to remember that polycystic ovary syndrome requires a comprehensive approach to treatment. If you notice any symptoms of PCOS, be sure to consult a specialist for diagnosis and effective treatment.