Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS): Causes, Symptoms and Treatment

Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) is a complex of symptoms that occur in women at certain times during the menstrual cycle. This is a common issue affecting 20-50% of women, with varying degrees of symptom manifestation.

What is PMS?

Premenstrual syndrome includes neurological, vegetovascular, metabolic, and endocrine disorders. It can manifest from several hours to 10 days before menstruation begins and usually subsides with the onset of menstruation.

What Are the Symptoms of PMS?

Irritability, anxiety, and mood swings.
Insomnia, fatigue, and decreased concentration.
Headaches, especially migraines.
Pain and swelling in the breasts.
Cravings for sweets due to hypoglycemia.
Bloating, constipation, or digestive issues.

Why Does PMS Occur?

The exact causes of premenstrual syndrome are not fully understood, but it is known that its development is linked to hormonal, neurochemical, and psycho-emotional factors. Some of the most common causes include:

Hormonal changes: imbalance between estrogen and progesterone, and elevated levels of prolactin.
Serotonin deficiency: lower levels of serotonin in women with PMS.
Vitamin and mineral deficiencies: magnesium, calcium, and vitamin D play an important role in reducing PMS symptoms.
Stress: stress increases the production of hormones like aldosterone, which can exacerbate PMS symptoms.

How to Cope with PMS?

To manage premenstrual syndrome, it’s important to focus on several key aspects:

Proper nutrition: eating foods rich in magnesium and vitamins can help reduce symptoms.
Regular physical activity: moderate exercise improves overall well-being and reduces stress.
Hormonal treatments: in some cases, medications to regulate hormone levels may be prescribed.

Conclusion

Premenstrual syndrome is a common issue that can significantly impact a woman's quality of life. However, with the right approach, diagnosis, and treatment, many women can reduce PMS symptoms and improve their daily lives.