Intrauterine Device (IUD): What It Is, How It Works, and Who It's For

The intrauterine device (IUD) is a popular method of contraception that is placed in the uterus. It offers long-term protection against unwanted pregnancy and is suitable for many women. In this article, we will discuss the different types of IUDs, their advantages and disadvantages, and who this method is best suited for.

What Types of Intrauterine Devices Exist?

IUDs are primarily divided into two main types:

1. Metal-containing IUDs

• Contain copper, silver, or gold.
• They create a mechanical barrier that prevents the fertilized egg from attaching to the uterine wall.
• Effective for 3 to 5 years.

2. Hormonal IUDs

• Contain the hormone levonorgestrel.
• They thicken the cervical mucus, preventing sperm from reaching the egg.
• Effective for up to 5 years.
• They have therapeutic effects and are used in treating endometriosis, endometrial hyperplasia, and painful menstruation.

How Does the Intrauterine Device Work?

An IUD prevents pregnancy by:

• Creating a mechanical barrier in the uterus.
• Providing hormonal effects (in the case of hormonal IUDs).

It’s important to note that IUDs do not protect against sexually transmitted infections (STIs).

Pros of the Intrauterine Device

• Long-term pregnancy prevention (up to 5 years).
• Requires no daily attention.
• Compatible with breastfeeding.
• Hormonal IUDs provide therapeutic benefits.

Cons of the Intrauterine Device

• Does not protect against STIs.
• May cause spotting or irregular bleeding in the first few months after installation.
• There is a risk of the IUD being expelled, reducing its contraceptive effect.
• Not recommended for women with certain health conditions (e.g., uterine cancer, pelvic infections, etc.).

Contraindications for IUD Installation

It is not recommended to install an IUD in the following cases:

• Pregnancy.
• Active pelvic infections.
• Cervical or uterine cancer.
• Anomalies in the uterus or fibroids that distort its shape.
• Hypersensitivity to the materials used in the IUD.

Frequently Asked Questions

1. Is IUD insertion painful?

The insertion of an IUD is generally well-tolerated, although some women may experience mild discomfort. The procedure typically takes only a few minutes.

2. What side effects can occur?

After the insertion, light bleeding or cramping may occur, which usually passes within a few days. Hormonal IUDs may reduce the volume of menstruation or even stop periods, which is not considered abnormal.

3. Can I get pregnant after removing the IUD?

Yes, fertility is fully restored after the IUD is removed.

How to Choose the Right IUD?

The choice of an IUD depends on your individual health needs and preferences. For the best decision, consult with a gynecologist who will assess your condition and recommend the most suitable contraception method.

Conclusion

The intrauterine device (IUD) is a convenient, effective, and long-lasting contraceptive method. Despite some drawbacks, it is suitable for many women, providing not only pregnancy prevention but also additional therapeutic effects. Before getting an IUD, consult with your doctor to ensure there are no contraindications and to select the best option for you.