Hyperprolactinemia: Causes and Treatment of Elevated Prolactin Levels

Hyperprolactinemia is a persistent increase in prolactin levels in the blood serum, which can lead to various disruptions in the body. Let's explore what causes this condition, how to diagnose it, and what treatment methods are available.

Causes of Elevated Prolactin Levels

Elevated prolactin levels can be caused by various factors. Here are the main reasons:

• Physiological causes:
  • Stress
  • Excessive physical activity
  • Lack of sleep
  • Pregnancy and lactation
  • Sexual intercourse
• Pathological causes:
  • Hypothalamic-pituitary system problems (e.g., pituitary tumors)
  • Systemic disorders such as myocardial infarction, liver cirrhosis, hypothyroidism
  • Chest injuries
• Pharmacological causes:
  • Hormonal contraceptives
  • Antipsychotics, antidepressants
  • Anticonvulsants and antihypertensive medications

How to Properly Take a Prolactin Test?

To obtain accurate results, it is important to prepare properly for the prolactin test:

• Avoid sexual intercourse 24 hours before the test.
• Come to the lab in a good mood, avoiding stress.
• It is best to take the test during the first phase of the menstrual cycle (2-3 days).

What to Do if Prolactin Levels Are Elevated?

If the test results show elevated prolactin levels, it is important to understand the cause of the increase:

• If the increase is mild, it may be related to physiological factors such as stress.
• If prolactin levels are significantly elevated, further investigations (MRI of the pituitary, thyroid hormones, etc.) are needed.

Symptoms of Hyperprolactinemia

Symptoms may include:

• Menstrual cycle disturbances
• Galactorrhea (milk secretion from the nipples)
• Reduced libido and sexual function
• Psychological changes (depression, anxiety, insomnia)

Treatment Methods for Hyperprolactinemia

The treatment of hyperprolactinemia depends on the cause:

• For stress-induced hyperprolactinemia, prolactin levels can be corrected without medication.
• If elevated prolactin is due to hormonal imbalances, medications like cabergoline or bromocriptine are used.
• If the increase is related to pituitary tumors, surgery or other treatments may be required.

When to See a Doctor?

If you have trouble conceiving or exhibit symptoms of hyperprolactinemia, it is important to undergo diagnosis and treatment under the supervision of a doctor. Remember, elevated prolactin is not a simple condition and requires a comprehensive approach.

Conclusion

Hyperprolactinemia is a condition that can significantly affect health. With timely medical consultation and appropriate treatment, most issues can be effectively managed. Monitor your prolactin levels and consult a doctor at the first signs of disruption.