Uterine Fibroids and Pregnancy: How They Affect Conception and Treatment Methods

Uterine fibroids are benign tumors that develop in the muscular layer of the uterus. This condition is found in one in three women and can impact reproductive health. In this article, we will discuss how fibroids affect pregnancy planning, along with diagnostic and treatment methods.

Types of Uterine Fibroids

There are several types of fibroids, each affecting pregnancy differently:

• Subserosal fibroids: These grow outward into the abdominal cavity and usually do not affect the fallopian tube passage.
• Intramural fibroids: Located within the uterine wall, these may not significantly affect fertility.
• Submucosal fibroids: These grow into the uterine cavity and deform the uterus, which is the most unfavorable type of fibroid for conception.

How Fibroids Affect Pregnancy

Uterine fibroids can prevent successful conception and pregnancy, particularly when the tumors are large or submucosal. These fibroids can interfere with embryo implantation on the uterine wall, decreasing the chances of conception. Tumors larger than 4-5 cm also increase the risk of miscarriage.

How Fibroids Affect Reproductive Health

Each case requires an individualized approach. Women with uterine fibroids who plan to conceive should undergo diagnostics and evaluate the condition of their uterus through ultrasound and other methods. It is important to consider the size and location of the fibroids, as well as the presence of any symptoms.

Diagnosing Uterine Fibroids

The primary diagnostic method for fibroids is ultrasound. Fibroids often do not cause symptoms, so regular pelvic ultrasounds help detect the condition in its early stages.

Clinical Symptoms of Fibroids

In most cases, fibroids do not cause pain; however, large fibroids can lead to the following symptoms:

• Heavy menstrual periods with clots
• Pain in the lower abdomen
• Frequent urination or constipation
• Pain during intercourse

Treatment Methods for Uterine Fibroids

Treatment for fibroids depends on the size of the tumors, their location, clinical symptoms, and the woman's age. Treatment options may be either conservative or surgical:

• Conservative treatment: This includes hormonal medications and intrauterine systems to alleviate symptoms.
• Surgical treatment: Surgical intervention is necessary for large fibroids or in cases of infertility. Surgical options include hysteroscopy, laparoscopy, and even radical procedures such as hysterectomy.

When Should Fibroids Be Surgically Removed?

Surgery is indicated when fibroids are large (greater than 4-5 cm), grow rapidly, cause significant symptoms, or affect conception. Additionally, when planning pregnancy, fibroids may require removal to improve fertility.

The Importance of Consultation with a Doctor

All decisions about fibroid treatment should be made individually in consultation with a healthcare provider. Regular examinations and proper diagnostics allow for choosing the optimal treatment strategy and improving the chances of successful conception and pregnancy.

Important! Even if fibroids do not cause apparent symptoms, it is essential to have regular gynecological exams to monitor the condition of the uterus and rule out complications.

Conclusion

Uterine fibroids can affect pregnancy, but with proper diagnosis and timely treatment, the chances of successful conception and pregnancy remain high. Consultation with a doctor and an individualized treatment approach can help preserve a woman's health and well-being.