Endometrial Hyperplasia: Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis, and Treatment

Endometrial hyperplasia is a pathological thickening of the inner layer of the uterus, which can lead to serious consequences if not diagnosed and treated in a timely manner. The endometrium plays a key role in successful conception and pregnancy, so its health is critical to female reproductive function.

What is Endometrial Hyperplasia?

The endometrium is the inner layer of the uterus responsible for receiving and supporting the development of a fertilized egg. For a healthy pregnancy, the endometrium must be of a certain thickness (at least 8 mm) and free from pathological areas or polyps. Disruptions in its structure can lead to endometrial hyperplasia, where the lining becomes excessively thick.

Causes of Endometrial Hyperplasia

The primary cause of hyperplasia is hormonal imbalance, often related to disturbances in the interaction between estrogen and progesterone. Other contributing factors include:

Hormonal disorders: stress, travel, incorrect hormonal therapy.
Age over 40: the risk of hyperplasia increases with age.
Excess body weight: obesity can disrupt hormonal balance.
Hereditary predisposition: family history of similar diseases increases the risk.
Frequent interventions in the uterine cavity: abortions, curettage, endometritis.

Symptoms of Endometrial Hyperplasia

The main symptoms of endometrial hyperplasia include:

Heavy menstruation, sometimes with blood clots.
Spotting in the middle of the menstrual cycle.
Prolonged spotting after menstruation.

If you experience any of these symptoms, it is important to consult a doctor for diagnosis and treatment as soon as possible.

Diagnosis of Endometrial Hyperplasia

To diagnose endometrial hyperplasia, it is crucial to conduct an ultrasound examination on days 5-7 of the menstrual cycle, when the endometrium has not yet thickened after menstruation. This allows for an accurate assessment of its thickness and identification of any pathological changes.

If the diagnosis is confirmed, a hysteroscopy with subsequent biopsy may be recommended to obtain histological material. This is necessary to check for atypical cells, which could indicate the development of more serious conditions.

Treatment of Endometrial Hyperplasia

Treatment of hyperplasia depends on the type of condition:

Without atypia: treatment usually involves hormonal therapy, such as taking progestogens or installing an intrauterine system like Mirena, which releases hormones to prevent the excessive growth of the endometrium.
With atypia: more aggressive treatment and monitoring by an oncologist may be required, as atypical cells could lead to cancerous conditions.

Prevention of Endometrial Hyperplasia

To prevent endometrial hyperplasia, it is important to monitor hormonal balance, avoid stress, and maintain overall health. Regular ultrasound exams and consultations with a gynecologist can help detect the condition early and initiate treatment promptly.

Conclusion: If you suspect you have endometrial hyperplasia, do not delay seeking medical advice. Timely diagnosis and treatment can help avoid serious complications and restore your health.

We hope this information was helpful to you. Don’t forget to monitor your health and undergo regular check-ups!

Endometrial hyperplasia is the thickening of the inner layer of the uterus that can lead to serious health issues. Learn about the causes, symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment methods.