Delayed Menstruation: Causes, Diagnosis, and What to Do

Delayed menstruation can be a cause for concern, but it is not always related to serious issues. In this article, we will look at the main causes of delayed periods and what steps to take in such a situation.

Normal Menstrual Cycle

First, it is important to understand what constitutes a normal menstrual cycle:

• Cycle length: from 24 to 38 days.
• Duration of menstruation: no more than 8 days.
• Amount of blood loss: up to 80 ml.

The menstrual cycle is measured from the first day of menstruation to the first day of the next menstruation. Deviations from these norms may indicate various issues.

Main Causes of Delayed Menstruation

1. Pregnancy

The most common cause of missed periods is pregnancy. To confirm early pregnancy, it is recommended to:

• Take a beta-HCG blood test.
• Use a pregnancy test 1–2 weeks after the delay.

2. Stress and Physical Activity

Psycho-emotional stress, such as intense emotional strain or recent illnesses, can affect cycle regularity. Other causes include:

• Excessive physical activity.
• Significant weight changes (weight loss or gain).

3. Hormonal Disturbances

Hormonal imbalances are often a cause of delayed periods. These include:

• Thyroid disorders.
• Hyperprolactinemia (high prolactin levels).

4. Ovarian Cysts

Functional cysts (follicular or corpus luteum cysts) can temporarily disrupt the cycle. It is also important to consider the possibility of polycystic ovary syndrome.

5. Surgical Interventions

Recent surgeries, such as uterine scraping, abortion, or hysteroscopy, can cause a temporary delay in menstruation.

6. Anomalies and Age-Related Changes

Missed periods can be related to:

• Anomalies in the development of the pelvic organs.
• Narrowing of the cervical canal.
• The beginning of the transition to menopause (perimenopause).

What to Do in Case of Delay?

If your period is delayed for more than 7 days, and pregnancy is excluded, it is recommended to:

1. Consult a gynecologist.
2. Undergo pelvic ultrasound.
3. Get hormonal tests to rule out endocrine disorders.

Remember, self-treatment is not advisable. Only a doctor can determine the exact cause of the delay and prescribe the necessary treatment.

Conclusion

Delayed menstruation is a signal from the body that should not be ignored. The causes can be both physiological and pathological. Regular visits to a gynecologist and attentive care of your health will help maintain female health and prevent complications.