What is Cortisol and Its Impact on the Body

Cortisol is a hormone produced by the adrenal cortex. Its production is controlled by the hypothalamus and pituitary gland, key parts of the brain.

How Cortisol is Produced

The production of cortisol begins with the secretion of adrenocorticotropic hormone by the pituitary gland. This substance regulates the activity of the adrenal glands, which then start producing cortisol.

Cortisol Secretion Cycle

Cortisol has a specific secretion rhythm. Normally, its level is highest right after waking up, helping the body to wake up and start the day. Over time, the cortisol level decreases, and by the evening, it reaches its lowest values, replaced by melatonin, the hormone that helps ensure quality sleep.

Functions of Cortisol

Cortisol helps the body handle both physiological and psycho-emotional stress. Its main role is to provide the body with a quick source of energy in the face of threats or stress. When cortisol levels rise, the "fight or flight" mechanisms are activated, preparing the body for active responses.

• Increase in blood pressure
• Increased heart rate
• Improved blood flow and muscle supply
• Improved respiratory function
• Oxygenating the blood

Consequences of Prolonged High Cortisol Levels

Chronic stress or conditions related to elevated cortisol levels can lead to disorders such as pituitary and adrenal tumors, as well as excessive use of glucocorticoid medications.

Signs of Excess Cortisol

• Obesity, especially around the face, neck, and abdomen
• Redness on the cheeks
• Thin limbs and an expanded chest
• Appearance of purple streaks on the skin
• Acne and delayed wound healing

Signs of Cortisol Deficiency

Cortisol deficiency may manifest as weakness, depression, difficulty waking up, and chronic fatigue. You may also notice excessive skin pigmentation or hair growth in places where it usually doesn't appear.

Diagnosis of Cortisol Levels

To diagnose cortisol deficiency or excess, a cortisol level test is performed using saliva samples. It is best to conduct this test in multiple samples throughout the day to track the changes in cortisol levels.

Conclusion

If you notice symptoms indicating excess or deficiency of cortisol, it is recommended to consult a doctor for proper diagnosis and necessary tests.

We hope this information was helpful. Thank you for your attention!