Colposcopy: What It Is and Why It's Needed?

Colposcopy is a modern and painless diagnostic method used to examine the cervix, helping to identify pathological changes at early stages. If your doctor has recommended this procedure, there’s no need to worry. In this article, we will explain in detail how colposcopy works and why it is essential.

What is Colposcopy?

Colposcopy is a diagnostic procedure performed using a special instrument called a colposcope. This device magnifies the image of the cervix from 4 to 40 times, allowing the doctor to carefully inspect the mucous membrane and detect potential pathological changes.

When is Colposcopy Recommended?

The procedure is recommended in the following cases:

• Abnormal Pap smear (cytology) results.
• Detection of cervical erosion.
• Suspected viral infections, such as HPV.
• Routine preventive exams in patients with risk factors.

How is the Procedure Performed?

1. Preparation for Colposcopy

Before the procedure, the doctor will apply special solutions (such as acetic acid or Lugol’s solution) to the cervix. This helps to better visualize changes in the mucous membrane.

2. Performing Colposcopy

Colposcopy is performed while you are on a gynecological examination table. During the procedure:

• The doctor uses the colposcope to inspect the cervix.
• Solutions may be applied, causing mild stinging, which passes quickly.
• If necessary, video colposcopy may be used, and you can view the image on a screen.

3. Colposcopy Results

The doctor will inform you of the results immediately after the procedure. If abnormalities are found, additional tests or treatments may be recommended. If everything is normal, you can go home without further instructions.

Is It Painful?

Colposcopy is a completely painless procedure. Some women may feel a slight burning sensation from the solutions used, but this passes quickly. There should be no discomfort after the procedure.

Why is Colposcopy Necessary?

The main purpose of colposcopy is to detect cervical abnormalities, such as:

• Cervical erosions.
• Dysplasia (precancerous changes).
• Early-stage cancerous lesions.

Early diagnosis allows for effective treatment and prevention of further development of these conditions.

How to Prepare for the Procedure?

To ensure the most accurate results from colposcopy, follow these guidelines:

• Avoid having the procedure during menstruation.
• For 1–2 days before the colposcopy, refrain from sexual intercourse and using vaginal medications.

Conclusion

Colposcopy is a safe, informative, and painless diagnostic method. It helps detect cervical diseases at early stages, significantly increasing the chances of successful treatment. Don’t be afraid of this procedure — it’s an important tool for preserving your health!