Causes of Cysts in Gynecology

Hello! Today we are going to talk about cysts and the reasons for their formation. Let’s break down what these formations are and what factors influence their development in gynecology.

What Is a Cyst?

A cyst is a fluid-filled formation with a shell, which contains liquid such as serous, mucous, or blood. In some cases, the contents may be mixed, which is called a mixed cyst.

Where Can Cysts Form?

Cysts can form in any organ, including the ovaries, breasts, and cervix.
Sometimes they are found in other parts of the female body, such as the vagina.

In most cases, cysts are benign formations, but in some cases, they can undergo malignant transformation, especially in the ovaries. Therefore, ovarian cysts larger than 3 cm in diameter should undergo additional testing.

Causes of Cervical Cysts

Cervical cysts often form as a result of inflammation caused by bacterial or viral infections. They may also be caused by trauma during childbirth or surgical procedures.

Cervical cysts are not dangerous and are not a sign of cancer.
They do not affect hormonal balance and do not cause infertility.

When Is Treatment Necessary for Cervical Cysts?

Treatment may be required if the cyst has significantly increased in size and compresses the cervical canal, which can interfere with menstruation or block sperm from entering the uterus.

Causes of Ovarian Cysts

Ovarian cysts can be of different types, including functional (follicular and corpus luteum), endometriotic, and dermoid cysts.

Functional Cysts: These usually occur due to a malfunction of the ovaries and often resolve on their own within 1-2 menstrual cycles.
Ovarian Cysts: Cysts that do not reduce in size and may require surgical intervention.

To assess the benignity of ovarian cysts, oncomarkers such as SA 125 and HE4 are often used, but these tests do not always provide accurate results.

Causes of Breast Cysts

Breast cysts often develop due to hormonal imbalances, especially when estrogen levels are elevated. These cysts can be painful and may require hormonal correction.

Treatment of Breast Cysts

For large and painful cysts, a puncture is performed, and the contents are sent for examination.
Based on the results, a mammologist will recommend further treatment.

Thus, the treatment of breast cysts depends on their size, symptoms, and risk of degeneration.

Conclusion

Today we discussed the main causes of cysts in gynecology, including cysts of the cervix, ovaries, and breasts. It is important to undergo regular checkups to detect such formations at early stages and prevent possible complications.

Hope the information was helpful. Stay healthy!