Inflammation of the Adnexa: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment Methods

Inflammation of the adnexa is a common gynecological condition that affects the ovaries and fallopian tubes. If left untreated, this condition can lead to serious consequences for a woman's reproductive health. In this article, we will discuss what adnexal inflammation is, its symptoms, and how to effectively treat this condition.

What is Inflammation of the Adnexa?

The adnexa are organs consisting of the ovaries and fallopian tubes. Adnexal inflammation, also known as adnexitis, most often develops due to an infection that enters the reproductive organs. This inflammation can be unilateral (affecting only one ovary or tube) or bilateral.

Causes of Inflammation of the Adnexa

The primary cause of adnexal inflammation is sexually transmitted infections (such as chlamydia or gonorrhea). In addition, bacterial infections such as:

• Escherichia coli
• Streptococci
• Staphylococci

can also lead to inflammation. Furthermore, inflammation of the adnexa may occur following pelvic surgeries or as a result of unprotected sexual intercourse.

Symptoms of Inflammation of the Adnexa

The symptoms of adnexal inflammation may vary depending on the severity of the condition. The main signs include:

• Abdominal pain that can be dull or sharp. The pain often worsens with physical activity or during sexual intercourse.
• Menstrual cycle disturbances, including prolonged or painful periods.
• Infertility, which is one of the signs of chronic inflammation.
• Vaginal discharge, which may have an unpleasant odor.
• Fever, with a temperature rising to 38°C (100.4°F) or higher.

Diagnostics of Inflammation of the Adnexa

To diagnose adnexal inflammation, a gynecologist will perform an examination and may recommend the following tests:

• Pelvic ultrasound (US) to detect inflammation and other pathologies.
• Tests for sexually transmitted infections (PCR tests for chlamydia, gonorrhea, and other microorganisms).
• Complete blood count to detect signs of inflammation in the body (elevated white blood cells, C-reactive protein).

Treatment of Inflammation of the Adnexa

The treatment of adnexal inflammation must always be comprehensive and prescribed by a doctor. The main methods include:

• Antibiotic therapy – antibiotics are prescribed to eliminate the infection. Broad-spectrum antibiotics are often used.
• Anti-inflammatory medications – NSAIDs (such as ibuprofen or diclofenac) are used to reduce inflammation and pain.
• Physiotherapy procedures – may be prescribed to accelerate recovery after inflammation.
• Hormonal therapy – in some cases, hormones are prescribed to restore normal ovarian function.

Conclusion

Adnexal inflammation is a serious issue that requires timely treatment. If you notice symptoms such as abdominal pain, changes in your menstrual cycle, or discharge with an unpleasant odor, do not delay visiting a doctor. Early treatment can prevent complications such as infertility or chronic inflammation.

Remember, treatment should only be prescribed by a qualified specialist after diagnosis and a full examination. It is important to undergo regular preventive check-ups to maintain your health and reproductive function.